I
regularly get asked for references to our work on multi-species mixtures. Here’s
an overview of the research that we have published over the last 15 years or so.
I have grouped articles with the following broad themes.
I have grouped articles with the following broad themes.
- Diversity and ecosystem function in intensively managed grassland systems
- Experimental drought in intensively managed grassland system
- Methodology for analysis of biodiversity and ecosystem function
- Soil tracer experiments in multi-species mixtures
- Associated research on diversity and ecosystem function
Diversity
and ecosystem function in intensively managed grassland system systems
The
Kirwan et al. (2014) paper contains the yield data from the AgroDiversity experiment,
from which many of these articles derive.
Kirwan et al. 2014.
The
Agrodiversity Experiment: three years of data from a multi-site plant diversity
experiment in intensively managed grasslands. Ecological Archives, 95: 2680.
Finn et al. 2013. Ecosystem
function enhanced by combining four functional types of plant species in
intensively managed grassland mixtures: a 3-year continental-scale field
experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50: 365–375.
Kirwan et al.
2007. Evenness drives consistent diversity effects in intensive grassland systems across 28 European sites. Journal of Ecology 95: 530-539.
Suter et al. 2015. Nitrogen
yield advantage from grass-legume mixtures is robust over a wide range of
legume proportions and environmental conditions. Global Change Biology, 21:
2424-2438.
Connolly et al. 2018. Weed
suppression greatly increased by plant diversity in intensively managed
grasslands: A continental-scale experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology. 55:
852-862. Open Access.
Brophy et al. (2017), Major shifts in species’ relative abundance in
grassland mixtures alongside positive effects of species diversity in yield: a
continental-scale experiment. J Ecol. 105: 1210-1222. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12754 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2745.12754/full
More
detailed information on the yield data from Irish sites of the AgroDiversity
experiment:
Finn, J.A., Carnus, T., Kirwan, L., Cuddihy, A. and Connolly, J. 2009. Four-species
mixtures enhanced yield at low and high levels of nitrogen addition over two
years. Irish Journal of Agricultural and
Food Research 48: 272.
Connolly, J., Finn, J.A., Black, A.D., Kirwan, L., Brophy, C. and Lüscher,
A. 2009. Effects of multi-species swards on dry matter production and the
incidence of unsown species at three Irish sites. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 48: 243–260.
Experimental
drought in intensively managed grassland system
Haughey et al. 2018 Higher species
richness enhances yield stability in intensively managed grasslands with
experimental disturbance. Scientific Reports 8(1): 15047. Open Access.
The supplementary
information contains R code for the analysis, and the yield data
are available on Dryad.
Finn et al.
2018. Greater
gains in annual yields from increased plant diversity than losses from
experimental drought in two temperate grasslands. Agriculture, Ecosystems
and Environment 258: 149-153.
Hofer et al. 2016. Yield
of temperate forage grassland species is either largely resistant or resilient
to experimental summer drought. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53:
1023-1034 doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12694
Methodology
for analysis of biodiversity and ecosystem function
The
Kirwan et al. (2014) paper contains the data from the AgroDiversity experiment,
from which many of these articles derive:
Kirwan et al. 2014.
The
Agrodiversity Experiment: three years of data from a multi-site plant diversity
experiment in intensively managed grasslands. Ecological Archives, 95: 2680.
The following Kirwan et al 2009 article describes the
modelling approach that we use, and provides case studies, as well as the data
and code for worked examples:
Kirwan, L., Connolly, J., Finn, J.A., Brophy, C.,
Lüscher, A. Nyfeler, D. and Sebastia, T. 2009. Diversity-interaction
modelling - estimating contributions of species identities and interactions to
ecosystem function. Ecology, 90:
2032-2038.
Brophy et al. 2017. Biodiversity
and ecosystem function: making sense of numerous species interactions in multi‐species
communities. Ecology 98: 1771-1778
Dooley, Á., Isbell, F., Kirwan,
L., Connolly, J., Finn, J. A., Brophy, C. (2015), Testing the effects of diversity on
ecosystem multifunctionality using a multivariate model. Ecology Letters. doi: 10.1111/ele.12504
Connolly, J.,
Cadotte, M.W., Brophy, C., Dooley, Á., Finn, J.A., Kirwan, L., Roscher, C.,
Weigelt, A. 2011. Phylogenetically
diverse grassland communities are associated with pairwise interspecific
processes that capture greater resources. Ecology 92: 1385-1392.
Hector, A., Bell, T., Connolly, J., Finn, J.A., Fox,
J., Kirwan, L., Loreau, M., McLaren, J., Schmid, B., Weigelt, W. 2009. The Analysis of Biodiversity Experiments:
From pattern toward mechanism. pp. 94-104. In: Naeem, S., Bunker, D.E., Hector,
A., Loreau, M. and Perrings, C. (Eds.) Biodiversity,
Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: An Ecological and Economic
Perspective. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-954796-8
Hector et al. 2002. Biodiversity manipulation
experiments: studies replicated at multiple sites. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: synthesis and perspective. (eds
M. Loreau, S. Naeem & P. Inchausti), Oxford University Press, Chapter 4.
Hector et al. 2002. Biodiversity and the
functioning of grassland ecosystems: multisite studies. Functional Consequences of Biodiversity: Experimental Progress and
Theoretical Extensions (eds A. Kinzig, D. Tilman & S. Pacala), Princeton
University Press, Princeton, Chapter 4.
Soil
tracer experiments in multi-species mixtures
Hoekstra et
al. 2014. Methodological
tests of the use of trace elements as tracers to assess root activity. Plant
and Soil, 380: 265-283.
Hoekstra
et al. A. 2015. Do belowground vertical niche differences between deep and shallow-rooted
species enhance resource uptake and drought resistance in grassland mixtures?
Plant and Soil, 394: 21-34.
Hoekstra
et al. 2014. The effect of drought and
interspecific interactions on the depth of water uptake in deep- and
shallow-rooting grassland species as determined by δ18O natural abundance. Biogeosciences,
11 (16), 4493-4506.
Associated
research on diversity and ecosystem function
O’Hea,
N., Kirwan, L. and Finn, J.A. 2010. Experimental mixtures of dung fauna affect dung decomposition through complex effects of species interactions. Oikos 119: 1081–1088.
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